No Diabetes with a Change in Eating Routine for Senior

You are never too old to learn something new and make changes. Seniors who believe this and adjust their eating routines can significantly improve their health.

His doctor said his fasting blood sugar was too high and he needed to lose weight or start diabetes medication. Being “stubborn,” as he wryly describes himself, Paul McDonough, a 73-year-old retired Boston police officer from Hingham, Mass., chose not to take medicine.

He’d seen other people start on diabetic pills, then use insulin, and “next thing you know, they lose a leg.” He had other plans for his retirement, like walking and enjoying nature and spending time with friends in Florida and his grandchildren.

He had exercised all his life, but now he knew he had to tackle his diet. His friend Bob Keyes encouraged him to join Diet Boot Camp, an eight-week program offered by the Hingham Recreation Department. Think of it as basic training for healthy eating.

In late February, the 6-foot-tall McDonough weighed 231 pounds and had a fasting blood sugar in the diabetic range at 144 mg/dL. He received a wake-up call in the first Diet Boot Camp class when he assessed the calories his body required and learned how going over that amount not only increases weight but also blood sugar and cholesterol.

Week after week, as he got lesson after lesson on the ins and outs of healthy eating, McDonough adjusted his diet and steadily lost weight. Eight weeks later, he lost 21 pounds and dropped his blood sugar 40 points, putting him outside of the diabetic range. His tremendous effort in changing his diet has put him in control of his health.

How did he do it? He faithfully kept a food journal to improve the quality of his diet and to avoid a daily calorie intake of more than 1,700 calories.

He pared down his portions. Over the years, as a police officer, he had acquired a “grab and go” attitude toward food. Regardless of his hunger level, if food was available, he ate it, and a lot of it.

He planned healthy meals and snacks and ate sensibly. He changed from cranberry juice and ginger ale to club soda. He ate more fruit and stayed away from cookies, scones and ice cream.

He changed the way he cooked (his passion) and began making more meals with generous portions of vegetables and fish instead of meatloaf, kielbasa and potatoes.

He kept his sense of humor –– “looking forward to wearing a Speedo in Florida” –– and a positive attitude.

“I am thankful for what I have. I want to take care of myself and be healthy,” he said.

McDonough, at 73, was “the biggest loser” in Diet Boot Camp, outdoing some people half his age.

Joan Endyke is a registered dietitian with a master’s degree in food and nutrition. Send your questions to her at www.wickedgoodhealth.com. This column is not intended to diagnose or treat disease. Check with your doctor before changing your diet.

Read more: http://www.patriotledger.com/archive/x304764084/Joan-Endyke-Senior-kicks-diabetes-in-Diet-Boot-Camp#ixzz1srgNgYLW

 

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Avoid Artificial Chemicals in Easter Candy

Some goodies in Easter baskets could drive children to be unfocused, impulsive and behave poorly, according to recent research, and the culprit is not sugar but specific food additives.

Yet most parents are unaware of harmful chemicals lurking in cute speckled eggs, color-coated almonds and other candy because the Food and Drug Administration has failed to require food-label warnings, like those recently instituted in Europe.

Synthetic food dyes and other food additives can alter the functioning of children’s brains and neurological systems and cause problems, such as poor reading and writing and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disordersymptoms. With school testing, like MCAS, in process, parents and grandparents should rethink Easter basket selections.

A study published in the British medical journal The Lancet found synthetic food dyes can trigger hyperactivity and inattention in all children, not just those with ADHD. The lead researcher of the study likened these food additives to how lead affects IQ in children. This prompted the UK to ban these substances in foods and the European Union to require a warning on food labels, stating the item ‘may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children.’

Researchers from Columbia University and Harvard Medical School agree; there is enough research to conclude synthetic food dyes are linked with hyperactivity, according to the Feingold Association.

In the United States, most Easter candy –– neon-yellow chicks, vivid jelly beans, lollipops and the like –– are made with petroleum (crude oil)-based artificial food colors, many of which are produced in Chinese refineries. In the UK, the same candies are made with natural coloring.

Americans consume almost three times the amount of synthetic food dyes as they did in the 1980s, and some experts believe this strongly correlates with the rise in ADHD, now affecting an estimated 8.6 percent of children in the country.

Another problem with synthetic food dyes is cancer. Red No. 3 is known to cause cancer, and three other dyes (Red No. 40, Yellow No. 5 and Yellow No. 6) are contaminated with low levels of cancer-causing compounds, such as benzidine, according to theCenter for Science in the Public Interest. They petitioned the FDA to require food manufacturers to label whether colorings are artificial or natural, but the request was denied.

For a healthier Easter basket:

Read the ingredient list on food labels and avoid candy containing synthetic dyes –– basically, any color with a number beside it: Blue No. 1, Blue No. 2, Yellow No. 5, Yellow No. 6, Red No. 3, Red No. 40 and Green No. 3.

Buy jellybeans, chocolate and other candies made with natural food colors and real vanilla. These products are usually available in natural stores, such as Whole Foods and Trader Joe’s, and also can be purchased online atnaturalcandystore.com

Think outside of the (candy) box and fill the basket with jump ropes, balls, books, art supplies, garden seeds, stuffed animals and other non-food items.

The Feingold Association also recommends not buying products with artificial vanilla flavor (vanillin) or and these three preservatives: BHA, BHT and TBHQ, which already removed from most food for children in the UK. The preservatives are made from petroleum and vanillin.

For more information, go tofeingold.org/ andcspinet.org/fooddyes/

Joan Endyke is a registered dietitian with a master’s degree in food and nutrition. Send your questions to her atwww.wickedgoodhealth.com. This column is not intended to diagnose or treat disease. Check with your doctor before changing your diet.

 

 

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Coconut Water Doesn’t Hydrate Better Than Water

Body water is lost daily through waste elimination and sweat; even when not visible on skin, we perspire regularly to maintain body temperature. Hydration involves replacing this water day to day. Coconut water can supply fluid to hydrate but is not superior to water.

Coconut water is the liquid from a coconut when it is cracked open. It contains important electrolytes, like sodium, chloride and potassium. It differs from coconut milk, which comes from the meaty portion of the coconut and contains saturated fat.

Coconut water is being hyped as better than water because of its electrolyte content, but these nutrients are helpful, supplied quickly in a beverage, only for very active people and athletes who rapidly lose them through excessive sweating.

Water makes up 75 percent of muscle. It is needed for tissues and organs to work properly, and for nutrients to be transported into cells and wastes out. Humans can only survive about a week without water.

When fully hydrated the body performs optimally. Dehydration can cause irritability, fatigue, confusion, diminished athletic performance and, in severe cases, death.

Although water requirements vary based on body size, climate and activity level, a general aim is nine cups for women and 12 cups for men, according to the Dietary Reference Intake from the Food and Nutrition Board.

Water is the best fluid replacement for average exercisers, according to the American Council on Exercise. Beverages with electrolytes, like Gatorade, are helpful when exercising over an hour at high intensity. The purpose is to replace electrolytes lost in sweat and especially to avoid hyponatremia, a dangerous, sometimes fatal condition when the body’s sodium level drops and can be further diluted with drinking water.

People who sweat profusely for long periods of time, like marathon runners or football players training in hot temperatures, are at risk for hyponatremia and should choose sports drinks when hydrating.

Coconut water can be an option for athletes, but be aware it contains less sodium than sports drinks and one study found that only coconut water with sodium added to it helped with hydration in athletes.

Also, coconut water, a natural product, can contain varying amounts of electrolytes, which is different from a sports drink manufactured to contain a specific amount.

The makers of Vita Coco, a major brand of coconut water, settled a lawsuit this month and will pay $5 million to consumers because electrolyte amounts in their products were below what was reported on the food label. This was assessed through an independent study. Vita Coco has vowed to adjust its food labels to more accurately reflect amounts starting in May.

The average person can obtain recommended amounts of electrolytes, like potassium and chloride, from eating a healthy diet with fruits and vegetables. Eating whole foods is more filling than drinking liquids and supplies more fiber.

Most Americans are consuming excessive amounts of sodium, more than 3,000 mg, through food choices, and do not need additional amounts from coconut water.

Old-fashioned water will do just fine to hydrate the body.

Joan Endyke is a registered dietitian with a master’s degree in food and nutrition. Send your questions to her at www.wickedgoodhealth.com. This column is not intended to diagnose or treat disease. Check with your doctor before changing your diet.

Read more: http://www.patriotledger.com/archive/x962235226/Joan-Endyke-Coconut-water-isn-t-better-than-water-for-hydration#ixzz1n7wZ26nz

 

 

 

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New Habits for a New Year

It’s a new year. It’s a time of self-reflection and goal setting –– to eat healthier, exercise more and lose weight. But how do you develop these habits?

The typical gung-ho response is two weeks of unbearable ‘perfect’ torture followed by a year of mental torture –– self-doubt, and guilt –– when old habits resume. Consider a new resolution: not to fall into this trap.

Be patient

A recent study found it can take an average of 66 days to develop a habit –– the activity is automatic, with little resistance, like brushing your teeth. Simple tasks, like eating fresh fruit daily, could take fewer days to accomplish while more challenging tasks, like exercising 30 minutes a day, could take longer.

Be realistic

Aiming to lose 50 pounds in a month is failure before trying. A prudent rate of loss is 1 to 3 pounds weekly. Rapid weight loss indicates an unrealistic eating plan, and it is not likely to last long. It also robs the body of desirable muscle mass. Slow and steady weight loss wins the race, especially when combined with a sensible weight-training program (20 to 30 minutes, two or three times weekly.) The weight lost, mostly from fat mass, is likely to stay off.

Make a plan

Determining how you will accomplish your goal will also help to assess your readiness for change. For example, wanting to exercise daily may not be realistic if your work and home life is chaotic. To be ready, you may need to first make changes, like saying no to volunteer work, asking for help with child care or resolving to leave work on time. To prepare healthy dinners, you may need to plan food and shop from that list, prep food on the weekends or have simple go-to meals. A registered dietitian can provide suggestions that fit with an individual’s lifestyle, work routine and food preferences.

Assess self-thinking

Realistic thinking and self-confidence is essential to habit change. Many adhere to “all-or-nothing” scenarios.

For example: “I need to eliminate all ‘treat foods’ from my diet and ‘eat clean’ or ‘I am a failure, why bother at all.’

This can result in negativity and poor eating.

‘Treat foods’ in reasonable amounts are part of normal eating and socialization. A professional dietitian is trained to help bring ‘gray’ thinking to the process, essential to developing long-lasting habits and to help turn negative thoughts into positive thinking patterns, which boost self-esteem.

Some Blue Cross/Blue Shield plans offer unlimited visits, without a co-pay, to see a dietitian for medical conditions such as pre-diabetes, glucose intolerance or diabetes. This benefit recognizes the length of time it can take to develop healthy, long-lasting habits.

Consider a recent client, ‘Karen.’ It took her six weeks to understand how negative thinking was impacting her self-care. During this time, she was not ready to make changes and did not lose any weight. Now, three months later, after considerable self-reflection, and non-judgmental support, Karen has lost 20 pounds, is off one diabetes medication and has cut her cholesterol medication in half. She has developed realistic habits and feels confident and motivated to continue. Health care dollars well spent.

Joan Endyke is a registered dietitian with a master’s degree in food and nutrition. Send your questions to her at www.wickedgoodhealth.com. This column is not intended to diagnose or treat disease. Check with your doctor before changing your diet.

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Nightshade Vegetables and Arthritis

Nightshade vegetables are a group of plants that produce alkaloids,  substances that keep insects away.

Some people believe alkaloids cause joint pain and arthritis, but little  research is available to substantiate this, and some research suggests the  opposite.

Tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, hot peppers, cayenne, paprika and Goji berries  are common nightshade foods. They contain various alkaloids, such as tomatine  (tomatoes), solanine (potatoes), alpha-solanine (eggplant,) solanadine (hot  peppers and spices) and atropine (Goji berries.)

Arthritis is a condition in which inflammation flares up in joints, causing  pain, stiffness and damage to cartilage. Some foods, like nightshade vegetables,  are thought to promote inflammation.

However, a study recently published in The Journal of Nutrition found  markers of inflammation decreased when men were fed white, yellow and purple  potatoes for six weeks, (particularly yellow and purple) which suggests this  nightshade vegetable could actually improve arthritis symptoms.

Another study, part of the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project in North  Carolina, found people with the highest blood levels of lutein, a substance  found in tomatoes, were 70 percent less likely to have osteoarthritis.

Despite this, some people report nightshades cause joint pain, and it is  possible to have an individual reaction. Test this by omitting them from your  diet for a month and then reintroduce one at a time, observing if they trigger  arthritis symptoms.

Instead of focusing solely on nightshades, consider beefing up specific  nutrients shown to decrease joint pain.

Years of research through the Framingham (Mass.) Osteoarthritis Study, an  offshoot of the Framingham (Mass.) Heart Study, and others find adequate amounts  of vitamin C, vitamin D, calcium and omega-3 fatty acids significantly reduce  pain and inflammation in joints and can slow the progression of arthritic  disease.

Vitamin C is an antioxidant that reduces inflammation and also is vital in  the process of cartilage repair and regeneration. Research finds people who eat  three good sources daily –– citrus fruits, peppers, strawberries, kiwis,  broccoli and the like –– have considerably less joint pain and less damage to  joints over time.

Also essential for cartilage production is vitamin D. Along with adequate  calcium, this important nutrient is needed to maintain strong bones, too, which  is necessary to support joints and reduce wear and damage to cartilage.

Consider having blood levels of vitamin D tested at your next physical. If  normal, maintain adequate levels of vitamin D with at least 600 IUs daily (800  IU after age 51) through foods (milk, fatty fish) or supplement or sunshine in  the summer months.

Aim for three calcium-rich food sources daily (consisting of one cup of  milk, soy milk, yogurt or orange juice fortified with calcium) or make up the  difference with a calcium supplement.

Omega-3 fatty acids found primarily in fish reduce inflammation and may even  prevent arthritis from developing, according to new research.

Switch to canola oil for cooking and choose fish like salmon or tuna often.  Extra omega-3 from a fish oil supplement is beneficial, too, however check with  your doctor to be sure it is right for you.

Joan Endyke is a registered dietitian with a master’s degree in food and  nutrition. Send your questions to her at www.wickedgoodhealth.com.  This column is not intended to diagnose or treat disease. Check with your doctor  before changing your diet.

 

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Boston-based b.good Chain Focusses on Nutrition

Years ago, my sister Rose and I dreamed of opening a fast food restaurant  with tasty, healthy options for busy people, and our slogan was to be “fast food  with a conscience.” Now “b.good”, a Boston-based chain with a restaurant at  Derby Street Shoppes in Hingham, Mass. is fulfilling this need.

The philosophy of the co-owners, also childhood friends from the Boston  area, is simple. Serve locally-grown food, produced by people, not factories.  Beef, turkey and veggie burgers, hand-cut fries, salads and fruit shakes are on  the menu.

The beef comes from Pineland Farm, Maine, a co-op of small sustainable farms  in New England. The cows are fed primarily grass and hay during their lifetime,  and no antibiotics or growth hormones are used. The meat is shipped to B-Good  restaurants in chops where it is freshly ground on site. One of the benefits  from this approach – verses grinding bits and parts from many different cows in  a huge factory – is a lowered risk of contamination from dangerous bacteria,  like E. Coli.

Food Inc., a documentary about the mass production of food, claims that four  corporations own 80 percent of the beef slaughter market and engage in practices  risky for the health of our nation. These corporations are squeezing out small  farmers – but customers have a choice. Making a decision to buy local is like  casting a vote for higher-quality food.

B.good also purchases local fruits and vegetables – strawberries, greens,  tomatoes and the like – from farms in Massachusetts and through the Green City  Growers, an organization that grows produce in plots on city rooftops. Local  food is fresher and tastes better than say a tomato that has traveled thousands  of miles to your table, and when you buy local you support your community farmer  and reduce sprawl.

The b.good potatoes come from The Szawlowski Potato Farm in Hatfield, a  family owned farm for more than 100 years. B Good hand-slices them on location  with the skins on and bakes them, instead of deep frying them like other  fast-food joints. Sweet potato fries are another option higher in carotenoids  and fiber.

How does their number one burger, “Cousin Oliver” stack up against the Big  Mac, McDonald’s most popular? The “Cousin Oliver” has fewer calories, almost  half the saturated fat (6 grams verses 10 grams) and more fiber (5 grams versus  3 grams.)

Another advantage is the ability to up the nutritional value of your burger  or chicken sandwich with healthy ad-ons, such as avocado, cilantro, salsa,  locally-grown lettuce, and the like.

Unless you are a marathon runner, save the milk- and non-fat-yogurt shakes  for a special occasion because they can add an average of 500 calories to your  meal. Or opt for the smaller-sized (16 ounce) fresh fruit shake for 200  calories.

The veggie burger is delicious. To make your experience even healthier, grab  a side of the crisp veggies instead of the fries. Consisting of fresh broccoli,  carrots and peppers sautéed in a light, flavorful, sesame soy sauce, they are  addicting.

Joan Endyke is a registered dietitian with a master’s degree in food and  nutrition. Send your questions to her at www.wickedgoodhealth.com. This column is not intended to  diagnose or treat disease. Check with your doctor before changing your diet.

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Diet Affects Prostate Cancer Risk

Prostate cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men.  Research suggests what you eat or choose not to eat may help in prevention.

Genetics account for only an estimated 5 to 10 percent of prostate cancer  risk, according to the American Cancer Society. Age increases risk, and ethnic  background also plays a role. Men with a first-degree relative diagnosed with  prostate cancer before age 65 and African-American men are at double the risk,  and perhaps this sub population should be extra vigilant with their diets.

The dietary factors linked with increased risk of prostate cancer are red  meat, dietary fat, saturated fat, dairy products and too much calcium. Factors  that lower risk appear to be plant foods high in carotenoids, lycopenes and  antioxidants like soy, fiber and fruit.

Men who consumed red meat (beef, pork or lamb) at least five times per week  had more than double the risk than those who had it less than once per week in  Harvard’s Physician’s Health study of almost 15,000 men. Other studies find  daily meat consumption to triple risk.

Nitrate-preserved cold cuts and charbroiled beef also appear detrimental  because they contain chemical compounds that affect DNA and cancer progression.  Consider substituting turkey or veggie burgers for beef burgers; chicken or  turkey sausage for pork sausage; hummus or tuna for cold cuts in sandwiches; and  vegetarian soy crumbles (found in the freezer section) for ground beef in chili  or meat sauce recipes. And try choosing red meat once a week or less.

This one change can help in other ways. For example, it will likely lower  total and saturated fat, which promotes production of sex hormones that affect  the prostate, and may create room on the plate for factors that offer protection  like fruits, vegetables, soy and fiber.

Excess milk, dairy products and calcium could be detrimental, too. Studies  find milk in excess of two glasses per day, high-fat dairy products like cheese  and ice cream and taking a calcium supplement raises the risk of prostate  cancer.

Dairy products may affect risk because of an increase in insulin growth  factor, which promotes tumor growth. Excess calcium needs vitamin D for  absorption, which pulls this important gene-expression nutrient out of the  bloodstream and away from helping DNA in cells.

Like red meat, consider limiting full-fat cheese and ice cream, and perhaps  try soy milk or vanilla soy milk as a substitute for cow’s milk. In one study,  drinking just one glass of soy milk daily decreased the incidence of prostate  cancer risk by 70 percent. Men should not take a calcium supplement unless  evaluated by a doctor or dietitian.

What to eat?

Eat two or more fruits daily, including tomatoes and tomato products;  generous portions of vegetables, including onions, broccoli, cauliflower and  other cruciferous vegetables as well as carrots, sweet potatoes and other  carotenoid-rich varieties. Also eat whole grains, lean proteins like fish or  poultry and vegetarian meals made from beans or soy.

Joan Endyke is a registered dietitian with a master’s degree in food and  nutrition. Send your questions to her at www.wickedgoodhealth.com.  This column is not intended to diagnose or treat disease. Check with your doctor  before changing your diet.

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Meal Planning Leads to Better Health

To achieve a goal, making a plan can help. This is true if you desire to eat healthier, too.

We plan for vacations. We plan to complete tasks at work. We help children plan for a successful school year. So why do so few plan a healthy eating routine? Maybe it’s time to sharpen the pencil and try out a meal plan.

In the midst of afternoon chaos, it can be challenging to think of something healthy to make for dinner. This is when parents cave and call for takeout – greasy food devoid of beneficial vegetables.

But consider this: For the same amount of time it would take to order and pick up takeout, you can grill chicken, steam fresh broccoli and prepare a baked potato cooked-to-order in the microwave. More fiber, more natural vitamins, less saturated and trans fat, and you likely saved money.

People tend to buy takeout when they are in-the-moment hungry and don’t have something available to make quickly. But if the decision has already been made thanks to a meal plan, and the food is close to being ready and the choice becomes a no-brainer.

To make a meal plan, start by outlining your anticipated week’s worth of nutritious, balanced meals before going to the supermarket. Then shop from that list. It could look something like this:

Monday: steak fajitas and vegetable salad

Tuesday: grilled chicken, sweet potato, salad

Wednesday: chicken chili made with corn, salsa and chopped veggies

Thursday: salmon, asparagus, brown rice

Friday: turkey meatballs in a slow cooker, pasta, broccoli

Saturday: turkey tips, quinoa, spinach salad

Sunday: shrimp over pasta, roasted vegetables

A weekly meal plan helps to reduce food waste and prep time. If vegetables are slated for certain days, they are likely to be eaten rather than found molding in the refrigerator a week later.

If you wander the market and buy things with the notion, “Maybe I’ll make squash this week,” the thought is easily forgotten later. But if you write it down and post your plan within sight, it is a reminder that initiates action.

Aim to prep more perishable items, like a large salad, at the beginning of the week. If rinsed and dried well, it will last for a few meals.

Use some leftovers for the next meal. Grilled chicken, for example, can be tossed into a slow cooker for chicken chili, perhaps to be used on a night known to be too busy for cooking.

Buy a few “back-up” items to be ready for changes. For example, if you’re unable to pick up fresh fish, frozen fish filets can be substituted. Breaded chicken tenders could be used if your chicken is not defrosted.

Be realistic; try new or complicated recipes on days when you have time to burn.

Joan Endyke is a registered dietitian with a master’s degree in food and nutrition. Send your questions to her at www.wickedgoodhealth.com.

This column is not intended to diagnose or treat disease. Check with your doctor before making any changes in your diet.

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Fructose and Added Sugars

Q: Should I avoid high-fructose corn syrup? — Tom in  Hanover, Mass.

A: Limiting products with high-fructose corn syrup is a good  idea, but don’t single out that one sweetener. It is important to limit all  added sugars.

High-fructose corn syrup, an added sweetener in food products, contains 55  percent fructose, a short chain carbohydrate. Research finds fructose is  metabolized differently than other sugars. It gets shuttled to the liver,  converted to triglycerides, or fat, and sent to the bloodstream, causing  triglyceride levels to rise, which can increase the risk of diabetes and heart  disease.

Other studies find fructose blunts levels of leptin, a hormone that  regulates appetite, which can lead to overeating and weight gain, and this  weight gets stored in the belly. Too much fructose is also linked to gout.

Ordinary table sugar, or sucrose, contains 50 percent fructose. Other  sweeteners, such as apple and grape juice concentrates, molasses and honey, all  contain at least 50 percent fructose, and they should be limited, too. Look to  the ingredient list on the food label to determine the type of added  sweetener.

Soft drinks are the No. 1 source of added sugars in the American diet.  Research finds even as little as one soda a day increases the risk of heart  disease and metabolic syndrome, a precursor to diabetes.

According to the Corn Refiners Association, sodas are supposed to contain no  more than 55 percent fructose and 45 percent glucose. But when researchers  pulled soft drinks from shelves in California and analyzed them, they found  surprising results:

Pepsi, Coke and Sprite contained “really high fructose corn syrup” with 65  percent fructose. The results, recently published in the journal Obesity, could  explain why soft drinks appear to be particularly detrimental to health.

Although sweeteners with fructose have special health considerations,  over-indulging in any type of sugar is a problem. In the United States, we  consume 20 percent more added sugars than we did in the 1970s, which translates  into an extra 400 calories, enough to cause alarming rates of weight gain.  Excess weight alone, regardless of whether it comes from fructose, increases the  risk of diabetes and heart disease.

The bottom line is all sweeteners should be limited in the diet. The  American Heart Association recommends women should consume no more than 100  calories in added sugar daily and men no more than 150 calories.

A 12-ounce soda contains approximately 150 calories of added sugar, and  other sweetened beverages, such as fruit drinks, juices, sports drinks,  sweetened teas and coffee drinks, can add up, too.

Check grams of sugar on the food label or online to determine the calorie  amount in beverages, cookies, muffins, cakes, cereal and other products. Each  gram of sugar is the equivalent of four calories. For example, a cup of lemonade  containing 23 grams of sugar will supply 92 calories of added sugar to your  diet, and a granola bar with 10 grams will contribute 40 calories.

Joan Endyke is a registered dietitian with a master’s degree in food and  nutrition. Send your questions to her at www.wickedgoodhealth.com.  This column is not intended to diagnose or treat disease. Check with your doctor  before making any changes in your diet.

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Organic Milk

Q: Is organic milk better? — Kerri D. from Duxbury, Mass.

A: Years ago, this question would have been hard to answer. But with tighter regulations, data collection and scientific study, organic milk is emerging as a better product.

The “certified organic” stamp on a milk carton means the producer has met the following criteria:

- No hormones have been used to promote growth.

- No antibiotics have been used.

- Cows have been fed 100 percent organic feed, which reduces pesticides in the milk.

- Cows have been grass fed for at least 120 days out of the year.

Organic farmers must document their organic plan, and this is verified annually with an on-site inspection from the United States Department of Agriculture.

Today, many major brands of non-organic milk do not use growth hormones, and they make this pledge on the carton, similar to organic in this regard.

Antibiotic residue in milk should not be a concern to the consumer, either, because it is not allowed in any milk, organic or not. This is strictly enforced with testing at the receiving station, and whole batches are discarded if any residue is found.

However, some fear antibiotic use is promoting resistant bacteria and none should be allowed on organic farms. Veterinarians argue responsible use of antibiotics. Separating sick cows from the herd until they are well, as is done now, is more humane because it keeps sick “organic” cows from suffering needlessly without antibiotics, and it keeps farmers from slaughtering them to maintain an “organic” herd.

A good reason to buy organic milk is to limit exposure to pesticide chemicals. Studies have found non-organic milk has more than four times the amount of chemical residue as organic. In addition, ingestion of substances like DDE –– a by-product of now-banned DDT –– and others is related to skin and respiratory problems, infertility and, in the long-term, increased rates of Parkinson’s disease and certain cancers.

Organic milk comes from cows fed 100 percent organic feed, which means it was produced without using pesticides. Organic milk has more beneficial nutrients, too, according to one large study conducted in England at Newcastle University.

Researchers in England analyzed organic milk from 25 farms and found it had 67 percent more antioxidants and vitamins than non-organic milk. The organic milk also had higher levels of health-promoting omega-3 fatty acids and 60 percent more conjugated linoleic acid, a nutrient that has been shown to shrink tumors.

The nutritional quality of the organic milk was higher in the summer, when cows grazed more, and researchers attributed this to their diet of fresh grass and clover. The organically farmed cows in this study ate more than 80 percent of their diet from grazing on grass, compared with 37 percent for the conventional cows.

But does organic milk in the U.S. have the same nutritional profile? A year ago, organic farms did not need to meet a grazing regulation. But last summer, the USDA enhanced its definition of “organic” to only include milk from cows that have been grass-fed for at least 120 days per year.

Joan Endyke is a registered dietitian with a master’s degree in food and nutrition. Send your questions to her at www.wickedgoodhealth.com.

This column is not intended to diagnose or treat disease. Check with your doctor before making any changes in your diet.

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